Yes, many people can change their visa status while staying in the U.S. This process is called a "change of status" through USCIS.

Some visa types cannot be changed from inside the U.S for example, people on the Visa Waiver Program (ESTA) usually cannot change status.

You need to meet the eligibility rules for the new status that includes education, financial support, job offers, or other requirements.

You must be in valid immigration status when you apply. If your current visa has already expired, you usually can't change status.