For a U.S. student visa (F-1), you must be accepted to a SEVP-approved school, pay the SEVIS fee, complete the DS-160 application, show proof of funds, and attend a visa interview

A U.S. work visa applicant generally needs a job offer from a U.S. employer, approved petition (like an H-1B), valid passport, completed DS-160 form, and proof of qualifications and experience