Yes, but you usually need a work permit first, called an Employment Authorization Document (EAD).

If you filed for a green card adjustment of status, you could apply for a work permit while you wait.

If you are on certain visas like H-1B or L-1, you can continue working with your visa while your new application is pending.

If you already have a valid work visa, you do not need a separate work permit unless your status changes.

If you have a pending asylum case, you can apply for a work permit after 150 days.