It typically takes about 10 to 13 months and yes, they can apply for work authorization while waiting for approval, which allows them to work legally in the U.S.

Sponsoring a spouse for a Green Card can take up to one year for those already in the US and up to two years for those applying from outside. While waiting for approval, the spouse can apply for a work permit and start working.

Anywhere btw 10 - 13 mths