Living apart does not automatically lead to denial of an I-130 petition, but it does require explanation. USCIS focuses on whether the marriage is bona fide, not whether spouses are physically together at all times. You should be prepared to explain why you are living separately and provide evidence that your relationship is ongoing. This can include communication records, financial support, visits, shared plans, and affidavits from people who know your relationship. Many couples live apart temporarily for legitimate reasons, and USCIS often approves these cases when the explanation is reasonable and well documented.

Temporary separation due to employment, education, or financial constraints is fairly common and does not automatically harm a marriage-based petition. USCIS will look closely at whether you maintain a real marital relationship despite the distance. Evidence such as call logs, messages, travel records, joint financial planning, and intent to reunite can help establish credibility. A clear written explanation addressing the separation upfront often strengthens the case and prevents unnecessary suspicion during review or interview.

USCIS understands that modern marriages may involve periods of physical separation. The key issue is whether the marriage exists in good faith. If you live apart, it’s important to show continued emotional, financial, and practical ties. Submitting strong documentation and a detailed explanation can mitigate concerns. Many petitions are approved even when spouses live in different locations, provided the relationship is consistent and genuine.