My employer is willing to sponsor me for a green card but I am currently outside the US. Can the process still be done while I am abroad

Visitor visa denials are often based on the officer not being convinced that you will return home after your trip. Even if you have a job and family, the officer looks at the overall picture including travel history, financial situation, and how clearly your purpose of visit is explained. Strengthening your documentation and clearly presenting your intent can help.