You can explore options like the H-1B visa, which allows you to work in a specialty occupation after graduation. Many international PhD students transition this way before pursuing permanent residency.

Another option is the EB-2 National Interest Waiver (NIW), which is ideal for PhD holders conducting research that benefits the U.S. It allows you to self-petition for a green card without employer sponsorship. Start gathering strong evidence of your research impact early.

If you receive a job offer from a U.S. employer, they may sponsor you for a work visa or even a green card. Planning your visa pathway before graduation gives you the best chance of staying long-term.