How does the process of sponsoring a family member for immigration to the United States typically work, and what responsibilities does the sponsoring relative have during the process?

Family-based immigration generally begins when a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident files Form I-130 to establish a qualifying relationship with a relative. Once the petition is approved, the case may move to the National Visa Center for further processing if the relative is outside the United States. Depending on the relationship category, the applicant may need to wait for a visa number to become available according to the Visa Bulletin before proceeding with consular processing or adjustment of status.