An overstay of more than 180 days but less than a year results in a 3-year bar from reentry if they leave the U.S.

An overstay of more than one year can trigger a 10-year bar from reentry.

Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens (like spouses, parents, and minor children) may still adjust status despite overstays.

Future visa applications will face extra scrutiny, as overstays often raise concerns about intent to obey U.S. laws.