The public charge rule is a policy used by U.S. immigration officials to determine whether an applicant for a visa or green card is likely to become primarily dependent on government assistance. If someone is deemed likely to rely on certain public benefits, their application may be denied. However, not all benefits count, and the rule does not apply to everyone for example, refugees and asylees are exempt.

Under the public charge rule, U.S. immigration authorities assess whether a person applying for lawful permanent residence (a green card) is likely to become a "public charge" meaning someone who would rely heavily on government financial support. Benefits like cash assistance (e.g., SSI, TANF) and long-term institutional care may be considered, but many programs, such as Medicaid and SNAP, are not counted against most applicants under current policy.

The public charge rule allows immigration officers to deny green cards or visas if they believe the applicant might depend on public benefits in the future. The decision is based on several factors, including age, health, financial status, education, and use of certain government aid. It’s important to note that this rule does not apply to U.S. citizens or to applicants for asylum, VAWA, or humanitarian protections.