Having a criminal record does not automatically bar you from applying for U.S. citizenship, but it can make the process more complicated. USCIS carefully reviews your background during the naturalization process to determine if you meet the “good moral character” requirement. Some crimes as murder, aggravated felonies after 1990, or crimes involving moral turpitude can make you permanently ineligible for citizenship and even subject you to removal. Other offenses, like minor misdemeanors, traffic violations, or older convictions, may not prevent approval but can delay eligibility (for example, you may need to wait several years before applying).